lombard chain saw owners manual
A submersible robot called the Sawfish can harvest healthy timber from long-forgotten underwater forests. Clear-cutting never looked so green.Up From the Deep: Piloted by a joystick jockey at the surface of the water, the Sawfish can cut 250 trees in eight hours. 1) COMMAND AND CONTROL: Lowered into the water by a crane, the sub connects to a diesel generator on the surface with a 720-foot cord. Inside a container on the barge, a pilot (inset) scans video from eight under-water cameras and maneuvers the Sawfish with a joystick. 2) ROAM: The ROV has a 75-HP engine and seven directional thrusters, allowing it to move safely through treacherous terrain. 3) CUT: To fell a tree, the Sawfish clasps the trunk with its steel pincers so its 54-inch chain saw can rip through the wood. 4) RETRIEVE: Waterlogged wood doesn't float, so the Sawfish screws airbags into the tree trunks using a hydraulic ratchet. The buoyant bags raise the trunks to the surface. 5) STORE: A tugboat rigged with a pair of hydraulic claws drags cut logs onto one of several floating storage bunks.I’m standing on a steel barge in the center of Ootsa Lake, a 154-square-mile reservoir in northwestern British Columbia. A chafing wind blows from the west, where the snowy, nearly treeless slopes of the Kitimat Range vanish into overcast skies. I jump as a voice booms over the outdoor PA system: “Clear to cut!” A few seconds later, a massive spruce tree erupts from the murky water.Two hundred feet below, a remotely operated vehicle dubbed the Sawfish is wielding a 54-inch-long chain saw. On the deck of the barge, an operator sits inside a cramped, dimly lit control room made from a shipping container. He’s maneuvering the Sawfish with a joystick, and his eyes are locked on a video feed of footage from eight underwater cameras embedded in the contraption. A generator delivers power to the sub through a 720-foot-long high-voltage cable that also encloses a set of fiber-optic lines to transmit guidance commands from the pilot.If you’re on the shoreline or live nearby, underwater timber harvesting is remarkably quiet: no screaming chain saws or smoke-belching heavy machinery. In a steady, splashing procession, tree after tree bobs to the surface, where a small tugboat rigged with a pair of hydraulic claws grabs the trunks and tows them into something called a bunk, a partly submerged U-shaped cradle. I can see three bunks from the barge. Each stores up to 300 trees and can be raised onto a second transport barge that holds up to 1,000 logs. The Sawfish and its four-person crew will fill it in just four days.This unusual harvesting method is made possible by a submersible that can probe the deepest reservoirs for under-water trees to cut and deliver to the surface. It was developed by Chris Godsall, the 38-year-old founder and CEO of Triton Logging. The company is based near Victoria, but the principal underwater logging operation is at Ootsa Lake, almost 750 miles to the north. The lake was formed in 1954, when Alcan, the world’s second-largest aluminum producer, built a hydroelectric dam here to power its smelter. The water behind the dam flooded millions of lodgepole pine, spruce, Douglas fir, and hemlock trees, leaving some $1.2 billion worth of timber preserved in a kind of suspended animation. In the cold, dark, oxygen-poor water, tree wood won’t decay for thousands of years. And Ootsa is one of 45,000 spots around the globe where dams have inundated valleys and submerged vast forests. By some estimates, there is $50 billion worth of marketable timber at the bottom of these man-made lakes. Godsall is quick to point out that he has the only technology able to retrieve it.To gather up a few logs, it might seem like lunacy to deploy the same kind of sophisticated and pricey ROVs used to explore the Titanic or investigate 9,000-foot-deep geothermal vents along the mid-Atlantic seafloor. But do the math and Godsall’s method starts to make good financial sense. Operated by just one person, a so-called feller buncher—the fastest and cheapest way to harvest timber on land—can cut at least 500 trees a day. But then it takes an additional three-member crew up to three weeks to trim and load the trees for transport. A single Sawfish is more efficient. It may clear only 250 trees in an eight-hour shift with four crew members, but there’s no need to skid the logs down a hillside and truck them to a mill. Instead, a barge delivers the trees to the mill faster and more cheaply, and because they’ve been submerged they’re generally already stripped of foliage and bark. A Sawfish, including the control room, tool shop, and power generator, costs $800,000 to $1 million, depending on the gadgetry packed into the ROV. That’s significantly less than the onetime equipment cost of roughly $1.5 million needed to run a comparable feller buncher operation. Add up all the numbers and, while conventional harvesting costs about $50 per cubic meter of wood, Peter Keyes, an executive at a global timber wholesaler and marketer, estimates Godsall’s cost at closer to $40. “Sure, there are big R&D costs to pay down,” Keyes says. “But the technology has given Godsall access to all these trees as if they were on land. It’s like finding a new penny.”There are environmental advantages to the Sawfish method as well. Conventional aboveground harvesting contributes to deforestation, a cause of global warming that’s responsible for the release of 25 percent of the world’s CO2 emissions. But because underwater trees are already dead, cutting them down doesn’t worsen the situation. And with underwater logging, there are no unsightly clear-cuts and no spotted owls to worry about.I first meet Godsall when he arrives at my motel in Burns Lake, a soggy, desolate logging outpost about a two-hour drive from Ootsa. Tall and lean, with neatly combed brown hair, he’s wearing tennis shoes, faded jeans, and a blue windbreaker. Later, as we drive through dense forestlands in his rented sedan, Godsall tells me how he got interested in trees. Nine years ago, while working as a marketing consultant in Toronto, he took on a client in the log salvage business. Wet Wood Underwater Fibre Recovery employed loggers to search riverbeds and shallow lakes for sunken timber with potential market value. Eventually, Godsall signed on with Wet Wood full-time as general manager. He soon realized that hunting for a log here and there wasn’t exactly the way to rake in the dough. It was akin to collecting soda cans for the five cent return deposit—profit margins were slim, and the work was tedious and time-consuming. Also, it could be unpopular with the public because scouring lake beds can upset ecosystems, churning up silt and debris that then threaten fish and wildlife.One day during a meeting, a client showed Godsall an image of an underwater forest at the bottom of a reservoir. “I had become so obsessed with retrieving lost logs that the picture of a whole forest of trees under-water seemed at once surreal, obscene, and too good to be true. I was convinced it was trick photography.” But the photo was genuine, and a few weeks later Godsall approached his bosses with a question: “Why are we hunting for sunken logs when there are entire forests waiting to be reclaimed?” Godsall suggested they build technology to go after all the standing underwater timber in the world. Everyone just laughed. Godsall resigned two days later, and in May 2000 he launched Triton.Godsall is from a clan of overachievers—his father, he says, is a “compulsive entrepreneur”; his mother, an “extremely creative” art gallery owner. One brother is a Hollywood director; another battles infectious diseases in Africa. But building a new, unproven technology from scratch made him nervous. “I am not an engineer,” he admits. “It was one thing to have a good idea, quite another to execute it.” He assembled a design team from a cross-section of fields, including commercial aviation, undersea exploration, and marine biology—there was even an engineer from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts.During his years as a consultant, Godsall had seen all sorts of contraptions and schemes for retrieving sunken logs—submersible cranes, scuba divers with pneumatic chain saws, and a “tree mower” that was dragged like a straight razor along shallow lake beds. Most didn’t work, some were extremely dangerous, and very few could go much deeper than 60 feet. But Godsall knew that in Ootsa, nearly three-quarters of the good timber is more than 60 feet below the surface. “We had to make that our territory,” he says.The team needed to invent something totally new—like the Sawfish. About the size of a VW bus and painted bright yellow, the sub can dive to 1,100 feet—deeper than any reservoir on earth—and fell a tree in two seconds. Besides advanced video imaging, sonar, and GPS capabilities, the ROV has a 75-horsepower engine and seven directional thrusters, making it extremely agile. And the vehicle is robust enough to withstand an errant tree toppling on it underwater. The Sawfish has a set of 52-inch-long lobsterlike steel pincers used to attach the ROV to the base of a tree while cutting. A powerful waterproof chain saw, mounted on a hinged mechanical arm, can slash through trunks up to 8 feet wide.Perhaps the most ingenious innovation, though, is Godsall’s solution for bringing trees to the surface. Underwater timber is waterlogged and doesn’t float. So the Sawfish attaches airbags to each tree before cutting it. Using a mouse, keypad, and joystick, a remote pilot can load an airbag on a chain-driven conveyer belt located inside the belly of the Sawfish, then engage a hydraulic ratchet that ejects the bag, screws it onto a tree trunk, and fills it with 5 cubic feet of air. After the log floats to the surface, a tugboat drags it into a storage bunk, and a crew member removes the reusable bag. The Sawfish can deploy up to 50 airbags before engineers have to raise it for a refill.In August 2002, preparing for its maiden voyage, Triton engineers loaded the Sawfish onto the back of a semi and hauled the sub 14 hours to Ootsa Lake. “We cut the first tree and everybody cheered,” Godsall recalls. “We cut another tree and everybody cheered. Then we cut a third tree and the Sawfish broke and everybody went home.” There were other setbacks—airbags exploded, the Sawfish got its tether lines wrapped around branches—but Godsall persisted. To work out the kinks, he raised more money (for a total of roughly $1.2 million) and built a floating R&D lab on a reservoir near Triton’s headquarters.Triton now operates two Sawfish vehicles on Ootsa Lake, and Godsall plans to build 10 more. He aims to harvest 45,000 trees a year in Ootsa Lake and hundreds of thousands more in other reservoirs. The timing is perfect: Demand for decks, hardwood floors, and roofs crafted from sustainable timber is increasing. Just as organic food swept into grocery stores in the 1990s, Godsall is planning to line the lumber aisles of Home Depot and Lowe’s with underwater-harvested timber. He’s also talking to Ikea about an exclusive deal to provide wood for tables and chairs. And the Triton logo is becoming an “Intel Inside”-type seal that retailers can slap on products to attract green-minded buyers. A study by the Forest Stewardship Council, a nonprofit based in Germany, says the market for so-called good wood, which includes underwater logs, grew 25 percent in each of the previous two years to hit $5 billion in 2005.Godsall is also eager to expand operations beyond Canada. He recently met with reservoir managers in the US, Australia, South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia to broker additional deals. One project involves clearing trees from the bottom of Volta Lake in Ghana, where seasonal drops in the water level bring submerged timber dangerously close to the surface. Trees have punctured holes in boats and passenger ferries sinking them and killing hundreds of people in the past four years alone.Most salvage loggers believe that reservoirs conceal 200 million to 300 million trees worldwide. “That’s a low estimate,” Godsall says. “We’re continually discovering reservoirs with trees in them. There’s one in Brazil called Tucurui with $1 billion worth of timber.” Eastern Europe is another untapped frontier: “It has the largest reservoirs with the most trees.” But pinpointing underwater forests is tricky. Godsall’s team studies old maps that show where forests once stood. They also use specialized sonar to verify the existence of trees and underwater cameras to identify the variety—spruce, pine, fir, or rare hardwoods such as teak and ebony. Some species are more valuable than others, and Godsall wants the sticks that will bring in the most money.To snag the best logs, Godsall hires people who know trees and can make snap decisions about wood quality based on a quick scan of underwater camera footage. Take Josh Chernov, a marine biologist and one of Triton’s five pilots. He’s inside the Sawfish’s control room atop the barge, watching six LCD panels relay video from the submerged cameras. Sitting in a Star Trek-style captain’s chair, he uses a joystick to zoom around a stand of valuable lodgepole pines at the bottom of Ootsa Lake, ignoring nearby timber of lesser value. There’s a muffled whir in the corner from the 2.8-GHz off-the-shelf Wintel PC—that’s the Sawfish brain. Chernov clicks a button on the joystick to toggle between video feeds, panning a front-mounted camera across the lake bed. The scene is eerie: A lost forest beckons from the shadowy depths, ancient giants still standing proud in the 46-degree-Fahrenheit water.At the moment, however, Chernov is about to slice through the 3-foot-wide trunk of a lodgepole pine. He deftly glides the Sawfish to the base of the tree, where it hovers a few feet above the lake bed before clasping onto the trunk with its pincers. While the Sawfish clutches the tree, Chernov switches to a different camera, this time with a view from behind the hydraulic airbag ratchet. From this angle, I can see a column of fluorescent airbags stacked single file in a storage compartment. Another click on the joystick and the ratchet telescopes forward, snagging an airbag, bolting it to the tree, then inflating it.He radios over the PA: “Clear to cut?” “Roger, clear to cut,” a deckhand calls.Chernov starts the chain saw, which swings out from inside the nose cone of the Sawfish and slices through the trunk in seconds. Because the airbag is affixed to the base of the trunk, the tree inverts 180 degrees before beginning its ascent. I step out of the control room and onto the deck just as it bursts through the surface of the water. “It’s kind of like watching the Apollo rockets go up,” says Dave Menzies, a Sawfish operator who spent 20 years as a pilot for a commuter airline before joining Triton. Moments later, another log appears, then another. There is enough timber in Ootsa Lake to keep the Sawfish busy for 50 years—and plenty more lumber in Panama, Malaysia, and other countries where Godsall hopes to begin harvesting by 2008.“Mother Nature never intended for trees to be underwater,” Godsall says. But that’s where forest after forest has ended up. He still marvels at the perfect preservation of the submerged trees. Just waiting, he says, to be harvested guilt free and for profit, by the Sawfish.Michael Behar (michael@michaelbehar.com)OLD PICTURES...SEE DESCRIPTION ON THE RIGHT.Pneumatic Chain Saw: TYPE A IngersollMANUFACTURED BY:WOLF (Reed Prentice Corp.)INTRODUCED:1927MOTOR:Ingersoll Rand
- the Classic Movie Palaces (it's not surprising that some of the country's oldest and grandest theaters are located along Hollywood Boulevard -- what is amazing is that all but one of them are still in business, showing films and live stage productions ● The Egyptian opened in 1922, hosting the first ever film premiere for Douglas Fairbanks's "Robin Hood" ● The El Capitan started in 1926 as a stage theater, later hosted the world premiere of "Citizen Kane" when no other location would risk showing it, and is currently owned by Disney ● The Warner Bros. Theater opened in 1928, was renovated into a Cinerama for 133 weeks in the 1950's, and boasts Carol Burnett's star out front because she worked there as an usher in 1957 -- it closed in 1994 due to damage from the Northridge Earthquake and has since been converted into a church ● The Pantages has been around since 1930, first as part of the Vaudeville circuit, then as a film theater owned by Howard Hughes and the home of the Oscars from 1949 to 1959, and now as one of the prime locations for live stage productions in L.A. ● the granddaddy of them all, Grauman's Chinese Theater opened in 1927 and immediately became a favorite spot for film premieres -- it is also home of the most famous concrete footprints and signatures in the world, a calculated move by Grauman and founding partners Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks to make the forecourt more interesting, regardless of any stories about someone "accidentally" stepping in wet cement -- see if you can find Harold Lloyd's glasses, Groucho Marx's cigar, the Harry Potter stars' wands, Betty Grable's legs, John Wayne's fist, Jimmy Durante's nose, Roy Rogers's gun and Trigger's hoofprints -- Matt and I saw "Mars Attacks" at the theater, an oddly appropriate choice for such an overblown film!)
- the Hollywood Masonic Temple (right next to the El Capitan, you'll find a neoclassical building that was designed in 1921 by John Austin, the architect who created the Griffith Observatory, and built by Charles Toberman, who gave us the Hollywood Bowl, Grauman's Theatre, the Roosevelt, and the Max Factor Building -- many stars were Masons, and the temple's lodge rooms were routinely used by Oliver Hardy, Douglas Fairbanks, W.C. Fields, Cecil B. DeMille, John Wayne, Roy Rogers and Gene Autry -- there were even unconfirmed rumors of a secret tunnel running under Hollywood Boulevard, connecting the temple to the theater, so celebs could avoid the crowds -- D.W. Griffith's memorial was held in the ballroom with hymns played on a built-in pipe organ, and long-time Mason Harold Lloyd has his star right in front of the building -- the building is now owned by Disney and houses the "Jimmy Kimmel Live" show, which we tried to see while in town -- if you request tickets for a taping, stay glued to your computer until you get the confirmation or you will lose out -- we requested tickets 2 weeks ahead, and I checked for a confirmation every day -- they finally sent me the email on Sunday before the Monday taping -- Matt and I were at the Ren Faire and I didn't get the email until Monday morning -- by then, they had already given away our tickets because we didn't "confirm" fast enough -- bastards!)
- the Roosevelt Hotel (built in 1927 and financed by Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford, and Louis B. Mayer, this grand Hollywood icon was named after Theodore Roosevelt -- the very first Academy Awards ceremony in 1929 was held in the ballroom, and the Roosevelt has been featured prominently in many films throughout the ages -- numerous celebrities have lived here at one time or another, including Clark Gable, Carole Lombard, Charlie Chaplin, Al Jolson, Frank Sinatra, and Judy Garland -- Marilyn Monroe stayed in suite 246 for two years and had her first magazine shoot by the pool -- a number of of incredibly gullible people also claim to have seen her ghost dancing in the ballroom -- all a bunch of foolishness, but it's fun to go inside and scare yourself for a minute or two)
- the Capitol Records tower (the most recognizable symbol of Hollywood, aside from the sign, was built in 1956 -- the world's first circular office building, it was designed to be completely earthquake-proof, and thus far, has lived up to its reputation -- although the building was never intended to look like a stack of 45 albums, the resemblance has been noted more than once -- I guess younger generations might think that it looks like a CD spindle -- Capitol was the first record label with a base on the west coast, a fact that president Alan Livingston advertised by having the blinking beacon on top spell out the word "Hollywood" in Morse code -- small bit of trivia: Samuel Morse's granddaughter Lyla threw the switch, turning the light on -- the first album recorded in the studio was by Frank Sinatra, the building is known as "The House That Nat Built" thanks to the vast number of albums Nat King Cole sold for the company, and the recording studio boasts an echo chamber designed by Les Paul and built 20 feet below ground -- a pretty cool history!)
Keeping Yourself Entertained
Some people will tell you that there's nothing to do on Hollywood Boulevard anymore -- I would say that these folks just don't know where to look for entertainment. Even if all you do is hang out on a street corner and people-watch, you can fill an entire day checking out all the freaks and fashion victims (they don't call it "Hollyweird" for nothing!) If you want a real eyeful, stick around until the sun goes down and hit a few of the clubs -- you've never seen so many self-important goofballs in your life! I personally love just wandering around, taking pictures, and enjoying the crowds of clueless tourists -- but if that's too passive for you, and you seek a few more diverting activities, here are some suggestions:- the Walk Of Fame (this landmark runs along Hollywood from Gower to La Brea and on Vine between Yucca and Sunset, an easy 3.5-mile round-trip walk -- the first star was placed in 1960 honoring Joanne Woodward, and since then, more than 2,000 members of the entertainment industry have been memorialized in terrazzo -- if you recognize half of the names along the walk, you're doing well, as many of them are old-timey personalities or behind-the-scenes folks most people have never heard of -- traditionally, folks could receive stars for their contributions to film, television, recording, radio, or live theater, although they've also given stars to politicians, athletes, fictional characters, astronauts, and corporations -- nowadays, you must be in the industry for 5 years and willing to pay a $25,000 fee to get a star, but any other requirements are suspiciously ambiguous -- you decide for yourself, but I'm personally convinced that minor celebrities are simply "buying" their stars when I see Vanna White and Christina Aguilera included in the walk -- you can search the city's official directory to see if you favorite performer has been honored -- if not, you'll find instructions for submitting a nomination)
- Hollywood And Vine (during the golden age of motion pictures, Hollywood and Vine became the center of the movie universe -- it was the busiest intersection in the city for filming, and home to the Academy Of Motion Picture Arts And Sciences, the Oscar ceremonies at the Pantages Theater, the Brown Derby restaurant, the Walk Of Fame, Capitol Records, and the Broadway-Hollywood department store which inspired Ayn Rand's "The Fountainhead" -- many 1930's radio stations broadcasted "live from Hollywood and Vine," and the area gained a reputation as a hangout for starlets and wolves -- these days, it's full of expensive lofts and offices, there's nothing much to attract tourists except the street sign)
- the Hollywood History Museum (if you love film memorabilia the Hollywood History Museum should definitely be a stop on your list -- visit the historic Max Factor building, and you can see 4 floors worth of treasures, 35,000 square feet of history, over 10,000 individual costumes and set pieces and props from your favorite movies, up close and personal -- check out Rocky's boxing gloves, Marilyn Monroe's private beauty salon, Scarlett O'Hara's dress, Elvis Presley's favorite bathrobe, Indiana Jones's whip, Pamela Anderson's "Baywatch" swimsuit, Cary Grant's Rolls-Royce, the shark from "Jaws," and Tom Cruise's eyeballs from "Minority Report," as well as items from "The Sopranos," "Harry Potter," "Star Trek," "I Love Lucy," and more -- and if you have a dark side like me, make a beeline to the lower level , which was once was a bowling alley and speakeasy during Prohibition, and now houses "all things creepy and scary" -- but no photos!)
- the Wax Museums (opened in 1965, The Hollywood Wax Museum used to be the only one of its kind, dedicated entirely to celebrities -- this is no longer the case, but it's still one of the most popular tourist attractions along the boulevard -- it's cheesy, it's overpriced, and we will probably never need to go again after the one visit -- they offer a rotating collection of 180+ wax figures with a questionable resemblance to the real person -- some classics, like Marilyn, will always be there -- others come and go depending on the latest film releases -- my personal favorites are the Last Supper where Jesus sits in front of a plate of coins tossed by tourists seeking salvation, and the evolution of Arnold from Conan to Terminator to Governor ● they were also in the process of finishing up a Madame Tussauds right down from the Chinese Theater when Matt and I were in town -- Marie Tussaud was a wax sculptor who focused heavily on historical figures and politicians, starting with her first image of Voltaire in 1777 -- she was well-known for her death masks during the French Revolution and her original Chamber Of Horrors filled with famous murderers -- while this is a wax museum with much higher credentials, you really have to visit the original in London to see Marie's actual work)
- the cheesy side of touristing (if you like to go to chain attractions that can be found anywhere in the world, then you won't want to miss the Hollywood versions of Ripley's Believe It Or Not and the Guinness World Record Museum -- these also fall into the "overpriced and tacky" category, but they are actually fairly entertaining amusement options...the first time you see them -- to be fair, each Odditorium tries to offer different types of displays, and some have additional attractions like aquariums and arcades and haunted houses, but the one in Hollywood is pretty standard -- and if you've been to one Guinness museum, you've been to all of them -- still, I'm sure it's a good way to keep a pile of cranky children occupied for the afternoon)
- harassing the Scientologists (I made the mistake on our first trip to L.A. of filling out a "personality quiz" offered by a kindly-looking man in a white shirt and navy pants -- turns out he was a Scientologist, and they sent me pamphlets and other crap I didn't want in the mail for years -- I was finally able to get off of their mailing list after three moves, but I have never forgiven them for bugging me so mercilessly -- this "religion" is headquartered in Los Angeles, where they can take advantage of gullible celebrities and their bank accounts -- the entire organization is reprehensible, so I make it my mission to annoy them as much as they annoyed me -- if you have a second, stop in their Hollywood Boulevard location and fill out a questionnaire with the most psychotic responses you can think of, then give the address of someone that you really can't stand -- if you have a whole afternoon to waste, you can get into an entertaining debate with one of their members about psychiatry, whether Tom Cruise's kid is the reincarnation of L. Ron Hubbard, and when they expect the mothership to arrive -- just don't drink the kool-aid!)
